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Archive for July, 2017

 

Hippocrates is bestowed with the Immortal  tag “Father of Medicine”, not because he invented  any miraculous gene therapy or a modern virtual imaging of human organs, nor did he found any magic drugs .He didn’t receive a single award  even from his local village, forget about any Nobel prize to him !

hippocrates

Mind you , he lived before Christ ,2ooo years ago , there was nothing in the hands of noble professionals, not even a piece of paper and pencil to note down patient’s symptom .They didn’t even know what organs human body contained no basic medical tests . They just had a pair of hand, working brain with six senses , strong will to work hard and most importantly a caring mind and a constant search for answers to lingering scientific queries .

good medical practice hippocrates medical oath ethics drsvenkatesan dr s venkatesan

Yes, Hippocrates is still holding the post of father of medicine because he was the first human  to propagate  thought that human diseases are not evil forces beyond our control, it may have scientific basis , every disease has a specific cause that arise from derangement of body function.

More important than this , he formulated a way to practice this profession in a dignified manner. He also predicted common sense may prevail over science  in innumerable instances. Going through his quotes , one could wonder , he probably predicted technology might hijack human Intellect as well !

hippocrates quotesQuotation-Hippocrates-disease-Meetville-Quotes-149262Now,we have every thing. Students read medicine  in animated 3D class rooms , physicians  get a deluge of body system data &  images beamed straight into their ipad . One can perform  complex interventions with ease in almost every  organ or  even replace it , if it doesn’t work .

Still , as on 2017  ,there is something huge , that is missing  in the Noble profession when compared to ancient days  (2 millenniums before!) when people thronged Hippocrates  clinic in the remote Koss Island of Greece, where he used to sit  with almost  nothing , but was able to offer definite cure for many .

What is that missing link  ? Without realizing  what it is, we enter the Noble profession and fervently  take the  customary Hipocratic oath . For many (or most ?)  of us it is amusing to read and practice that. Life has moved in  fast lane since then. It is a tragic truth , Hippocratic oath  have become  redundant , obsolete .or outright humiliating for few !

Final message 

Whatever you say, still Iam compelled to feel sorry for that “Good old man” who miscalculated the Integrity modern day Noble professional , (I would say, Mr H failed to  realise doctors are also made from ordinary human beings ! )

It’s ok . . . here is a “Doctor’s life maintenance” manual : Keep reading it periodically !

British General medial council , has done a wonderful job . It has published a practical life maintenance and behavioral guide for  doctors  which I feel is most important text to be read periodically and of course  followed  !

Link to Good medical practice

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A 50-year-old man was referred for dizziness, bradycardia and dysphagia .He was very clear in describing his symptoms and  landed up in Gastro- enterology  OPD , from there was referred to my clinic for cardiac work up . His ECG showed a sinus bradycardia HR of 48 /mt.

Screenshot_2017-07-05-19-09-12

Echocardiogram revealed a structurally normal heart as we expected , but was surprised to spot suspicious shadow in para-sternal long axis view , beneath left atrium.

A well demarcated large mass compressing left atrium.  Trans Thoracic Echocardiography  may not be looking at the heart alone ,(Its technically Thoracic Ultrasound though we may refer it as Echocardiogram   )

  • Aortic aneurysm ?
  • Mediastinal teratoma?
  • Bronchial adenoma ?
  • Esophageal mass ?

The Answer is none of the above

As I was wondering what it was, the staff nurse in charge threw a heavy folder with well worked up gastro Investigations.

That moment , diagnosis became obvious , without a need for further scrutiny to my medical acumen.

Note: The barium swallow of the Esophagus reveals the Intimate relationship between the food tube and the heart as it descends vertically downwards posteriorly  . Realise , how the proximity of these two structures could  confuse a physician when symptoms spill over on either way. (I would have expected a lateral view to show the compressive effect of Esophagus on the left atrium the radiologists felt its not important !)

Yes , it is Achalasia of the cardia , dilating the lower end of esophagus with fluid /mass effect  , compressing the posterior surface of Left atrium.He underwent a myomectomy surgery.

Why bradycardia  ?

There is well described esophago-vagal reflex reproducible by stressful swallow or balloon inflation in the lower end of esophagus at D7 level.(Ki Hoon Kang,Korean J Intern Med. 2005 Mar; 20(1): 68–71.)

Achalasia cardia is known to be associated with symptomatic bradycardia, dizziness, and rarely swallow syncope,though this patient didn’t have a classical syncope.The bradycardia is probably due to high vagotonia, (Hugging effect on posterior surface of heart known for rich innervation of vagus.) . Complete reversal  of bradycardia after esophago -gastric surgery is expected.

Implication for cardiologists

There has been instances of patients with esophageal syncope and reflex bradycardia getting permanent pacemaker therapy. I think , clinical or sub clinical esophageal disorders should be included in the work bradycardia before labelling them as intrinsic sinus node dysfunction .(Ref 1,4)

Final message 

The field of Cardiology  is often referred to as a super specialty atleast in India . I disagree with it strongly. Cardiologists are neither super(eme) nor special .We need to be reminded  its afterall a sub-specialty of Internal medicine and each specialist should undergo retro-training in medicine periodically .This patient is a typical example of a gastric problem entering the domain of cardiac Imaging.Strong foundations in symptom analysis and some degree of medical  curiosity will enable an occasional cardiologist to make a correct diagnosis belonging to a remote foreign specialty.

Reference 

1. Palmer ED. The abnormal upper gastrointestinal vagovagal reflexes that affect the heart. Am J Gastroenterol. 1976;66:513–522. [PubMed]

2.Armstrong PW, McMillan DG, Simon JB. Swallow syncope. Can Med Assoc J. 1985;132:1281–1284. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

3.Turan I, Ersoz GBor S..Swallow-induced syncope in a patient with achalasia
4.Dysphagia. 2005 Summer;20(3):238-40  4.Basker MR, Cooper DK. Oesophageal syncope. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2000;82:249–253.

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