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Localising “Angina related artery”( ARA ) in UA/NSTEMI : Can we differentiate culprit artery from lesion ?

August 11, 2019 by dr s venkatesan

Identifying the culprit after a criminal event may be easy for the police.For cadiologists investigating the crime scene after a coronary event, it is a different story. (Of course, localization of IRA after a STEMI may not be really difficult.) But , when a patient is having UA  and coronary artery shows multiple lesions, we do have real diagnostic issue. The general dictum could be, tightest lesion or the complex eccentric ones with thrombus is likely to be the culprit. This has important therapeutic Implication,  as we are argued to address the active lesions first. The following study was done in 2009 trying to find the ARA solely by ECG features.

The conclusion was

The following ECG findings were helpful in localizing Angina related artery . ST depression in V3- V5 correlated  with  LAD  angina .Global ST depression was highly correlated with proximal LAD or Left main disease ( 6/6 patients). ST depression in V1 –V3 was associated more commonly with dominant LCX/OM disease. ST depression in 2 ,3 , AVF , or I, AVL  had  no significant correlation with either RCA or LAD  system.However multiple culprit lesions or diffuse inflammatory CAD should always be thought off. One more possibility is , its simply a demand ischemia or micro vascular angina were there is no true epicardial culprit lesion. 

A revisit to my 2009 IHJ article.

http://indianheartjournal.com/ihj09/nov_dec_09/509-523.html

 

IDENTIFYING ANGINA RELATED ARTERY (ARA) IN UNSTABLE 
ANGINA /NSTEMI BY ADMISSION ECG AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
S.Venkatesan C.Krishnakumar .G.Gnanavelu .R.Subramanian.Geetha Subramanian B.Ramamurthy.P.Arunachalam.M.Somsundram.V.E.Thandapani.M.A.Rajasekaran.
S.Murugan , Madupraphu doss ,P.Pachiappan.
Madras Medical College. Chennai

Unstable angina( UA /NSTEMI ) constitute a  heterogeneous  group of  patients with  lesions ranging from  normal coronary  artery  to severe multi vessel  disease. Even  though  multiple active plaques are documented ,  one  critical  lesion  would be   responsible  for  the  index  episode  of  angina..  Contrary to STEMI  there is no standard methodology   to identify  the  Angina  related artery.(ARA) in UA .We under took this  analysis  to find  whether  admission  ECG  with the help of echocardiography   could  predict  the ARA  in patients with UA

26  patients with  UA  admitted in  our  CCU  were  the  subjects of  study. Patients with   post  infarction angina,  CABG ,  PCI , old  MI , left ventricular  dysfunction  were  excluded. All patients  were treated  as per institutional protocol. Echocardiogrphic analysis   of  wall motion defects (WMD)  were  documented  between  2hrs  and  24hours of admission  .CAG  was  done  between  24 hrs and  7  days. The  coronary  lesion was considered angina related  if  the  WMD  detected   by  echocardiography matched with  the  myocardial  segments supplied by the  arterial territory  containing the lesion . After locating the ARA , the patient’s  admission ECG   was  compared  retrospectively   with  CAG  finding  to study  whether  it has  any  predictive  value  for identifying  ARA.  6 patients  who  had single vessel disease the ARA  localization  was straight forward. (LAD -4 , LCX -1 RCA-1 ). In 2  patients  there was  obvious  eccentric thrombus containing plaque indicating the culprit lesion . 18 had DVD or TVD with no clearcut culprit lesion.

The following ECG findings were helpful in localizing ARA.ST depression in V3- V5 correlated  with  LAD  angina .Global ST depression was highly correlated with proximal LAD or Left main disease ( 6/6 patients). ST depression in V1 –V3 was associated more commonly with dominant LCX/OM disease. ST depression in 2 ,3 , AVF , or I, AVL  had  no significant correlation with either RCA or LAD  system.

It  is  concluded  ARA  can be  identified  with  fair  degree  of accuracy   by admission  ST segment  profile. This  observation  differs with  the existing literature which  suggest little role for ECG to localize arterial lesion in UA. In patients with multivessel CAD  with  more than one  critical lesion  a  combination of ECG  and echo features  help  us to  fix the angina related artery and possibly the lesion. This has  important  therapeutic implication.

Keywords: Angina Related Artery, Unstable Angina/NSTEMI, ECG, Echocardiography.

Postample

I am reposting this abstract again because the same paper has been plagiarised in at least two occasions and got published in predatory journals. Now, we realise Journal article shopping and trading has become a scientific scam .

Reference

This paper  from Japan analysed this ARA concept in 1996 itself with SPECT Imaging

 Oka T, Kobayashi H, [Detection of angina-related coronary artery in patients with unstable angina pectoris by using 123I-BMIPP myocardial scintigraphy]. Kaku Igaku. 1996 Mar;33(3):279-84.

 

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