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Posts Tagged ‘ethics in medicine’

Medical science and commerce grow hand in hand .  Many believe   the field  of   medicine has  ceased to be a pure  science long ago . Both are mutually inclusive . We have no other option ! If there is no commercial interest   . . .Who will fund cardiology research ?  Then  . . . How are you going to  develop a biological pacemaker or  the  eagerly  awaited  total artificial heart ?

Without involvement of the commercial forces ,  no break through is possible . If you take medical science  , majority of growth has occurred by the motivational force of  medical industry  . Here is an  exclusive website for sub specialty called cardiopulmonary business .

But do we  have  the  medical research in safe hands ?

Why  a  hastily  developed  cardiac  device enter  the human domain and recalled within 2 years  fearing grave Injury   ?

Why a drug known to cause serious side effect was purposefully  blinded with a hidden agenda  till the drug earns a  billion or two ?

What is in store for future generations  ?

When the profession is at the mercy of  forces other than  patient care as a primary aim  there is every reason for it  go awry and  become   a dangerous health hazard  . If any medical professional   who does not see this , as an important issue  for man kind ,  requires a rebooting for reality  !

Public should realise , what they often get  in the name of science  is  a huge  human body trial and victims of   biological  shopping  . It has   wide-ranging  Implication . It is ironical , we are in a piquant  situation , where   our bio-system   has to  fight not only against  the  diseases but also  the misplaced scientific methodology  and fraudulent practices.

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 21’st  century  Human beings  on the road !

                              A scene  from  Jaipur’s   main commercial  road

Lame  ducks on the road !

             My all time  favorite  news photograph taken  from a Tamil  daily Dinakaran

An After thought

In this fast and furious world ,  the medical profession  too suffers from the same disarray like  the  Jaipur traffic !

  • Let  us prey  for the   Noble professionals  to be  blessed with  more   discipline,  character , conduct  and  knowledge ( yeh . . .knowledge  ranks  last and least !)  .
  • Let us be focused on task .
  • Let us  also  prey for the strength to differentiate  facts from fiction,  distinguish trivia from  the momentous.
  • And finally let us  have the courage to follow the truth !

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A patient  walks  into the consultation suit in an  upscale cliniq  of  a  south Indian Metro.

Good evening doctor !

Welcome . . .   what brings you here ?

Doc ,  I  have a vague chest  and back pain since two days . It  had been a  strenuous   week  . . .  I  had to travel a lot ,

I am worried  it could be a heart attack

Let me examine you ,

(After  the examination )

Will you please  lie down for an  ECG  ( Records it  in a minute , Glances it )

Every thing looks fine , i believe  you are under some stress and  I am sure it  is  a  pain from your muskulo – skeletal system

You should  be alright by few days . I will  prescribe  some pain killers .

It is not uncommon to find a  patient wear a doctor’s mask

Doctor , why don’t  you prescribe  a 10 second 64 slice heart scan*, I just saw  an  ad in yesterday’s  “Times of India”

I want to confirm every thing is fine with my heart doc  ,   I believe  there is  a  special   World heart day offer too !

You will  not need a scan for that ! I can confidentially rule out a heart problem right now , and  you can schedule a  exercise stress test later.

You may sure doctor ,    but  I am not !

Please ,  will  you advice  a  scan for my satisfaction ?

It is not correct  for patients to demand investigation  . . .  thinks for a moment   . . .umhh   .. yeh  . . .ok . . .  any way   I  will do just that   . . . after all  we are here to satisfy you.

By the way , you  take  the  scan  in this a particular  centre  , (Let me also benefit  by your foolishness  ! )

Thanks doc ,  you are  really great   !   upholding the dignity of  the noble profession !

(* A single 64 slice CT scan of heart  is equivalent to radiation of 100 chest  x rays , which is equal to   a  life time dose of medical radiation)

Can a patient demand an investigation and a prescription ?

It is an  awkward question .  Our medical schools do  not teach about these issues. If the answer is yes , it would be  diagonally opposite  against  the  principles of practice of  medicine  ,  It is same as self medication  with a  non academic  ratification  by the doctor !

The patient   guided medical practice  has a niche market by itself . Now patients tend to  ch0ose  not only  hospitals  and  doctors   but also  they want to  decide the  investigation and treatment as  well  , fueled by crazy  mass  media advertising  . It  all started with  from simple master health check now extended into  all common disorders.

And  no wonder  . . . future looks  bright for medical  practice .

**Please note  : When the treatment  is debatable and outcomes are not clear in certain complex  diseases ,  one has to involve  the patient and their relatives  with an informed consent and allow them to make a  learned decisions.This is an acceptable form of patient and family guided disease management.

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It is heartening to read a series of open page articles in the India’s  national news paper  recently  which  started a  lovely debate about how the medical profession and doctor’s behavior is being perceived in this country . It all began  with this article by Dr Araveethi with   serious criticism  of the ways  and means  ,  by which doctors  indulge in  forbidden unethical acts . (mainly involving  financial  benefits ) Click on the Image to read the article.(Hope it works)

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While most agreed with his observation  surprisingly one  response by Dr. Manoramma Gadde  tried to justify it !  promptly  evoked strong reactions for and against.

And this   response from  Dr .A.R Antony  to  Dr Manorama Gadde   CAME A WEEK LATER  seemed a  best one. Read for yourself

I  enjoyed  the  entire article by Dr Antony ,   especially when he observes  ethical doctors are a rare breed and even   be a laughing  stock among their colleagues. This is very much true  but as he rightly points out ,  the majority  of goodness should prevail over the minority of evil . ( Let us hope it is not vice versa ,   as  evidence  is mounting  against this assumption  )

What is the role of modern science in  making medical  profession into a  self less service to  service only for self ?

Read  on this article   : Truths when silent are not heard in consultation rooms

Is there acceptable level of unethical   acts  for doctors  ?

100 %   perfection  is never  possible  in any field .

Like permissible carbon levels in environment and permissible  contaminant in tinned  foods  one can suggest  doctors can  also be allowed a quantum of  immorality ! (This is akin to making corruption legal  still the  ultimate aim  is  to control it ) .Probably this is what Dr Manorama tried to convey in his article  !

What is the patients role in the perpetuation  of un-ethicalness  of doctors ?

A patient with  half-baked ( internet  fed ) medical knowledge  asking for various tests   is quiet common phenomenon .  This is termed as pressure prescription . Patient  interference in medical  decision-making and doctors yielding to it is also a rampant phenomenon. Empowering patients beyond a level is unreasonable or not a desired goal.

Why  doctors  continue to be noble   but many hospitals are not  !  How is this possible ?

We have willfully  accepted  medical care  to  become an industry  .When corporate hospitals are listed in stock exchange what do you expect of them  ?  I do not know  how  the current generation of  prepaid medical professionals manufactured   from various  medical  education  factories  in our country side  will behave  . It is them , who are  running these dubious   hospitals and nursing homes . In my observation a genuine and meritorious  medical student is  never  interested in starting a  hospital or nursing home .   He lacks both the business sense and also the  resources . Hence  he  or she  often becomes an employee  of  a hospital  or institution  run   by  capitation fee fed neo- medical  graduates  with  Dalal street mentality.

Counter point

There are thousands of doctors especially in  primary health centres  and emergency wards  working round the clock  in all those ill equipped  poorly staffed  Govt hospitals trying to save lives desperately  .  Similarly  many private practitioners sitting in the remote towns and villages  spending their precious  evening   caring for the sick.

So , the problem lies  mainly in  the  proliferation of  pseudo  – modern medical science  in an unregulated fashion  mushrooming into the urban and semi urban areas .

Solution ?

Never believe the private sector in the present form (*Total chaos)   will provide an inclusive health care  to our population. The recent WHO statistics say India is the only country where  permanent assets like houses ,  livestock are sold by people to get a  seemingly  modern and scientific  health  care .(Poor villagers are  asked to spend their entire monthly salary to  do a costly PCR test (Now proved useless)  to diagnose a AFB positive open tuberculosis  !)

The  current model of health care  in most developing countries   especially India  , which  our corporates are actively pursuing  is counter productive for both rich and poor.

A rich old  man is simply not allowed to die a natural death  without spending a chunk of his accumulated wealth ,  while a young , active   poor  men of our country  die for want of  those  same facilities which goes futile  those dying elite bodies !

*Let me drift  to a  different topic .  The private sector health care is totally disorganized , lies in  complete chaos though  enriched with infrastructure and other resources. What they lack is the terrible common sense. While the Govt sector has  a organised administrative and functional model   with huge expertise  which lies mostly dysfunctional due to various  reasons. Which is causing more danger to society ?   The answer is tough one  It would a  close race between  hyperfunctional private sector  or dysfunctional  Govt Sector .

I dream a day when these private sectors  take over the  Govt hospitals  and vice versa so that both can  complement the best between them.

Final message

Most doctors are really  noble  in their thinking. In  few  ,their action may occasionally touch  the lines of immorality .( The definition of immorality or unprofessional acts are  often reset according to our convenience  ) .

Even if a conscious doctor wants to do  genuine  work in the existing system , he is  rarely allowed to pursue it .  So ,  in   the current situation  most doctors are at risk  of  tasting the bad fruit  every day with or without  their knowledge.

The doctrine of   hospitals  lack  ethical code , while  it is expected  from  individual doctors   is the single important factor that is responsible for the present chaos in medical care delivery

 So in my final analysis  I agree with many of the arguments on  both sides  .Even though  ethical doctors are available they are in a very short supply  . We need much ,  much more  . . .   I am afraid  the future looks bleak !  . . .  with humble excuses to all optimists out there.

What is  your  take on this issue ?

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Human body is a bundle of mystery.   In an  average  life span of human beings,   millions of   afflictions come and go . Most are benign . Our body has a  full-fledged defense ministry    armed with sufficient weaponry in the form of , immune cells, thousands of regulating enzymes, hormones ,  cell service molecules  etc  .It can tackle most of  the ailments our body encounters  with out a doctors help (Jungle animals rarely die of disease!)  .

Of course , the body  needs  external help  when it’s  intrinsic resources fail . There are few   serious disorders that has to be intervened .However ,a big  fraction of them  will   die  in spite of whatever we do .

Is it not  fascinating to know more than  100s  of chemicals  act day in, and  day out ,  to  prevent our  blood  from clotting and keep it flowing .  If only the natural lytic mechanism fails  for an hour , and  create a  vascular  chaos   we will realise  importance of it !

Even as we debate appropriateness of medical care  in this  21st century   here is startling scenario ,

When a child  presents  with physiological hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue  , as their body begin to  learn and record the micro biological mysteries  of our environment  , it is  often “cross labeled ” as  tonsillitis  or appendicitis and  end up in surgical tables.

This article just released  in  European heart journal , tells us ,  how the rampant use of appendectomy and tonsillectomy in the early child hood  may make them susceptible for CAD in later age group.

The role of medical professionals is identify the trivia ! and prevent unnecessary interventions.

Unfortunately  or (Should I say dangerously)   many of  the   professionals  understood it  in a diagonally  opposite manner . Identify the trivia ,  instill fear in our patients  and intervene ,   in the process injure  our great biological system.This is also applicable to many cardiac  interventions.

Final message

Heavens sake ,  youngsters  , please  remember  , medical  profession is all about removing suffering from patients  . Do not fish out “non -existing” illness from your patients  body !   Let me remind you ,  professional approach means  , whatever you do it should be in the  interest of our patients . The moment  you deviate ,  you cease to be professional .

Also realise  ,  good   intentions can never be an excuse for  inappropriateness !

Reference

http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/05/27/eurheartj.ehr137.abstract

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Doctors are obsessed  with science .  Science is man-made , often , the quality of which is far from perfect (Apart from scientific inaccuracies , personal and commercial conflicts creep in )  .Hence  ,  patients   may not get  the true benefits of genuine science  today . This has a huge moral and economic implications .

The entire life time savings  of  our population , is threatened to be consumed by the vagaries of modern medicine. A recent WHO  report  reveals  , the  major cause for  poverty  is attributable to  the frivolous and  greedy   modern health care delivery system. Many times,  bulk of the nation’s wealth is  being  spent on  prolonging the final   few  months  of     lives(Often unproductive ! )  of their fellow citizens.

The irony is ,  many of these expenditures have questionable benefits.

  • A simple car is prone for fewer errors but it still serves it’s purpose .A hybrid car which switches between hydrogen, petrol and electricity  is obviously vested with numerous unexpected issues.
  • An ordinary  cell phone is easy to operate,  while an Andorid 2.2 phone  is loaded with great  applications  ,  but the  original purpose of a phone  ,  namely communicating with others is often   compromised.
  • Modern medicine  is a monster machine  with  thousands of  visible and invisible switches . The funny thing is most of us do not even know jobs assigned to these switches .Worst of  all , these controls  can self ignite  or put off  on its own . One can imagine . . .  the potential errors  from this monster controlled by a  minuscule master of medicine .

Does your patient aware of all those uncertainties ! Why is it so difficult for us to communicate  the above facts to our patients ? Mankind can benefit ,    if we put across the  following  doctrine to our public domain.

A medical  non  intervention can be as safe  as  an  intervention ,  but one has to accept the occasional complications  arising out of a  non intervention . In this context  it should be  realised  ,  we never hesitate to  accept the   consequence of  a  modern  intervention.

Why and how our  mind is readily accepting even deaths  during an  inappropriate procedure , while we struggle to accept  even a temporary set back  for not doing a needy intervention.

What is the solution ? We need to uncomplicate  medicine . . . simplify them .When doctors intervene with common sense as a weapon  to tackle the  scientific excesses patient is bound to  benefit.

Don’t ask don’t tell  dogma   should be replaced by ‘”Tell  without asking” .Be transparent about the limitation  of science.

Documenting and adhering to protocols is satisfying for upholders of science , but one should realize being unscientific also   can help our patients many times.

When your hospital protocol says check for hypoxia in every patient  with dyspnea ,  mind you it may land your patient to a totally   unwarranted  ventilator assistance for a very transient hypoxia reported your fellow over phone.

Here is an article that reveals ,   how a  few oral words of   advice could help  both financially and academically in critical care.

http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/138/6/1475.abstract

 

Final message

William Osler said   ” Lesser is better” in medical  communication  . It may not apply today.

Did Osler  was  referring to  falsehoods in medicine ? , Then ,  probably he  is 100 %  is right . . . for the current times !

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Medical profession is the noblest of all !  . Doctors are akin to God in  many ways  ! They  have the potential  to remove the  sufferings of  mankind  . These are the often made  quotes about doctors   for  many centuries. Today’s medical professionals are ,  a  strained   lot  to fulfil their role expected of them .They have to maintain the social identity and earn enough to sustain their image in society. The onslaught of commercial and pseudo-scientific concepts have ruined the profession considerably.

Those were the days when the family physician  concept was flourishing , where in  a doctor was taking care of entire family. This  concept has  taken a different avatar now .

Now a doctor feels , once the patient is seen by him becomes his/her  patient rather a property! This perception has grown in a malignant manner , many doctors do not refer to a specialist even in deserving cases  fearing patient poaching .

This  possessiveness  of doctors about their patients leads to many  of the  unethical behavior .

My case . . .my patient . . .   my fees , . . .this sort of approach though appeared  good in the past ,  is rapidly becoming a liability for the patients  .Lack of organised health  care   by private and Government sector also amplifies the issue .It is pathetic to note         ,  at least Govt hospitals have some accountability ,  majority of private health systems  do not have  mortality or morbidity auditing . 

The my patient, my property  doctrine is playing havoc in medical health delivery system  .The following are the situations where a patient genuinely suffer due to this abnormal thinking pattern of many of the medical professionals today.

  • When general practitioners want to have control of their patients even after referring them to big tertiary care centres.
  • This is being encouraged  by the corporate desk of big hospitals as they probably send financial benefits to the referring doctors. Hence doctors are worried their property may get lost during  transit or inside the  big hospital. There are instances , I  have witnessed , where severe mitral stenosis are manged medically by some established physicians fearing that their property will be lost .
  • Patients with severe angina are not offered angiogram and remain on medical treatment fearing loss of monthly consultation fees.
  • When the care takers energy and thought process are consumed in many non academic activates one can expect how the illness can be taken care off.
  • When investigations are ordered the primary referring doctor feels he is being denied of  kick backs from costly investigations which is enjoyed bu the specialists .so these general practices what to finish of all required investigations in their desired lab and sent to the specialist.
  • This has led to  curious  situations  where a  ENT surgeon calls for  a  64  slice CT scan and obstetrician asking  for MRI brain (  because the patient is theirs  ! )  

The sequale is two fold . 

The specialist often gets annoyed  and  feel insulted  to read an investigation  ordered by a  different physician(  rather irrelevant  physician !) done  in a non friendly lab  without incentives.

  1. Either he looks at it reluctantly
  2.  Or orders  fresh investigations

 (Some physicians show   extreme  arrogance ,   as  they call for fresh investigation even if the patient is having    good quality ,    investigations  with  images done recently  !)

Finally , the most dangerous thing

A  patient once admitted  under a  doctor, the  prescriptions and procedures are  often  controlled by the admitting doctor .We  have seen a pathetic situation of plastic surgeon admitting a rheumatic heart disease and trying to manage  with the help of  telephoning consultations with a cardiologist .

There is a  chaotic  discipline  in ordering Investigations and treatment modalities  in our country .Any one can order any thing they want .In this scenerio,  abberrant patient  behavir leads to further  complications as patients  themself  decide what investigations they want.

What is the solution* ?

The concept of family physician is still a best option . It has to be continued. There need to be a proper referral services into well equipped, staffed ,  audited institution in every district and counties either controlled by Government or well-regulated. private bodies . The financial remuneration for the doctors should be constant and fixed irrespective of the form   treatment they provide.

In other words the entire health care delivery  should  be centralised and institutionalised .The need for specialist to be assessed properly and care should be rationed .

                                                           Consider this  anarchic situation –  An   asymptomatic, incidentally  detected  30 %  PDA  lesion in a rich bed ridden ,  old man   is  stented by a  3rd generation drug electing stent in a corporate hospital,  while   many  young  Indians with a productive life  with  critical  left main .proximal LAD   is allowed die in peace .

                                            Where are our medical economists and  health care planners hiding ?  ! And we are talking about billion dollar medical  tourism industry .

A general practitioner  should receive same amount as consultation as a neurosurgeon or cardiologist .If we  divide  the doctor into different grades according to the knowledge  and place of work ,  the lesser doctors  will find someway to equalize their earning with their superior colleagues.

After all , all doctors take the same oath . . .   A  doctor who treats a febrile convulsion in a remote village by administering  a timely diazepam  injection can not be considered unequal    to  a Cleveland neurosurgeon   who clips a AV malformation in the circle  of  Willis to terminate  recurrent convulsion in a similar child .

* One would  tend to  think , these solutions are highly theoretical  not implementable in today’s world.  But trying to bring order to a dysfunctional  medical  care delivery system is not a crime any way !

Final message

Most doctors continue to be noble and dedicated.  But the faith in them is rapidly eroding .This is becoming  a dangerous trend . They can not to be  blamed  in isolation.   It is the dynamics of  social and economic scenario  that  are  driving  the medical profession in a journey towards a  commercial extravaganza , where humane care is  as obsolete as a Mediterranean dinosaur !

Now young doctors are  readily manufactured  in the countryside   (Not my merit  , but  bought as commodities akin to real  estate) . A three bed room flat and a MBBS  seat roughly  costs equal in India !

There is  no wonder then  , doctors will treat their degrees  and patients  as  precious   property . Nothing wrong to consider  them as their property ,  but let them handle the property with at most concern , faith and trust !

Disclaimer *This  article does not intend to  defame any doctor or medical profession . It aims to  encourage a wider debate on the issue  . This is  about  many physicians which we come across everyday   in  our  towns and cities  .This article may be irrelevant in  many  other  countries and  to those physicians working in a completely institutionalised  health care delivery system  including  Govt .hospitals where the collective care (or is it collective no care ?)  is the norm .

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The world of  medical science is  moving in a alarming speed.In any field , speed is always dangerous ! That’s why we have speed breakers , traffic police , speed cameras , etc etc . The medical world  is flooded with new devices, drugs , procedures . Though the mankind is benefited with many of them , a equal number could do the opposite.

How to identify which is causing benefit and which doing harm ?

It is a horrible fact , this is the most difficult exercise  for the  medical academia   . . . Still worse , harm will masquerade as benefit ! Further ,  beneficial concepts are  often buried alive if  it lacks  glamor  or  commercial value (Eg: The Digoxins,)

Lay public (as well as )  the physicians   are fed with half-baked ( Often quarter baked !) medical information .Many  of the medical journals,  guidelines , sponsored  seminars  ,  some times  even text books do a clandestine  campaign  . Even after a completion of major trial,  real truths rarely  come out . Funnily ,  they call them aptly , as blinded study ! Who is blinding whom is a different issue .

So ,  in  this  new millennium , thousands of innovations are on the pipeline. These pipes are often  infested with trivial , duplicate or even  harmful  concepts waiting for a grand release into human domain.

Take the story of coronary stents

In 1977 , Gruntzig mastered the  opening  of  the obstructed coronary  arteries with a simple balloon without any add ons . That patient is still alive  without  angina  . In the next 30 years we have ridiculed (Rather , we were compelled  to ridicule it ! * Read the related article  Is  there a role for  plain balloon angioplasty ?

Technology made  it  possible to introduce a  gamut of intra coronary  devices .We used (?abused ) all sort of anticancer drugs within the tender human coronary arteries .In 2002 , we claimed to  have climbed the summit and conquered  the restenosis with DES. And in 2010 , every one knows  what is happening to DES .

The malaise is  deep rooted  in every specialty . Next  came the  Stem cell fiasco ? and more  recently huge  conflicts of interest exposed  in the  vaccines  against H1NI

Final message

Who is going to regulate the menace ?  Hmm . . . . then  . . . Who will regulate the regulators ?

Is there a way out for our patients ?  or  they  have to suffer with it  along with the disease . The later is  more realistic option !

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We owe a lot  , to  our ancestors for making our  journey   smooth  and purposeful   in  our  pursuit ,   of   healing the   mankind  . It is because of their  meticulous  clinical acumen , passion  , dedication ,sacrifice we are enjoying  the fruits  of success .

Though there are thousands of them , one life that always fascinates  me is that of Harvey Cushing. His fame went  to dizzy heights  after his publication of  biography of William Osler .

A book every medical  professional must read and cherish especially the elite cardiologists !

I wonder  ,what  Harvey Cushing  ,  if alive would make  a difference  in the current  world of medical  science contaminated with commerce ,  hyped up technology ,  and  the near extinct bed side clinical skills.

Links to life of Harvey Cushing http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/cushing/peter.html

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