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Posts Tagged ‘hippocrates’

Off label prescription 

  1. Is a great scientific concept
  2. Is a deceit camouflaged  with a pseudo scientific fabric.
  3. Can be encouraged in very selective patient  population and diseases by experienced  cardiologists , as  it may be really useful when no other options are available.
  4. Is diagonally opposite  to evidence based medicine , should be banned in toto !

Answer:

4 is the correct answer .occasionally 3 can be true

Some of the examples of off label indication

  • Statins for Aortic stenosis
  • VSD device for RSOV closure
  • Ivabradine for cardiac failure

By the way how does an off label become on label?

It is not the ” God ” who  gives the label to them

There are few “Demi Gods” sitting aside  in the regulatory corridors of  New york and  Geneva who decide the fate of these drugs and devices . Ultimately the integrity of these organizations that will either protect or injure our patients !

Final message

Medical science grows my mistakes  . . . hence  we should be encouraged to do more of that  . . . so that we can grow !

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                                                                                 Image courtesey : Jupeter Images

This  is because  . . .

  1. Doctors live in a  false life of pseudo- perfectionism . “I can never err”  attitude .
  2. Ego !  Their  pride at stake !
  3. Accepting a mistake would affect their further client-age
  4. Feels humiliated  among their colleagues and peers
  5. We are ready to accept  our mistakes in public  but the society  is  not  yet ready to forgive  us . So we hide !

Answer

Though  all the above  contributes for this behavior . It is the  response 2   that plays havoc on patient care !

Discussion

It is a well-known fact millions of medical  mistakes happen every  year  across the globe .Most of them are  committed  by  medical professionals and equal number of them result from untoward  effects of   drugs,     complications  of procedures and  surgeries.

Apart  from  these ,  laboratory errors in   reporting  and interpreting  diagnostic tests   happen  on hour to hour basis in any hospital . Many of them could  have  serious  implication  in patient outcome .   Though doctors  do  periodic auditing the  incidence continue to  galore  and there is very little data  to suggest  the overall  incidence has reduced  in any  significant fashion .

In many sense doctors  do share  some similarities   with  drugs and devices  . Like the ubiquitous  drugs  and devices , diagnostic tests, ,  doctors too cause side effects  by their action or inaction . It  is referred to as ,  undesired  response, complications, error in judgement , negligence , ignorance  etc ( Read a related article in my site)

Like the famous quote of  ( Osler I think )

A drug  which  causes  no side effect will not have the desired effect as well  . . .  a doctor  who has not  caused any injury to their   patients   can  never be  considered as  an  accomplished  doctor !

Drugs like  statin which is supposed to reduce cholesterol  in blood  misbehaves  with  liver and can even result in fatality .We accept it .The matter ends  with a   FDA box   warning .

If a ventilator crashes due to a soft ware problem ,  we accept it . We can boldly admit medical  errors  if it is a  fault of a drug or machine.  But , errors by doctors are rarely pardoned ! So it is natural they are  swept under the carpet.

When  doctors do  delicate  cardiac surgeries ,  it takes only  a  fractional  loss of concentration   to cut  the aorta and that could cause serious after effects .

These can be called as errors, mistakes or  negligence in whichever way you like to call it. The problem is ,  these minor events  (Which   occur in thousands every day ) are not recorded,  logged , or disseminated  to our patients . Even medical law makers and judiciary is blinded to most of thing that happen inside the medical institutions.

So , the world will never  know the reality .When we want transparency in all walks of life ,   we should at least  fight for  a minimum  transparency  from doctors.(Why cant  they conduct the   customary internal auditory meeting in the public domain !)

If only doctors admit their mistakes with courage medical  profession will get more respect .Living behind  veils never  liberates . This  traditional suppression of    facts  make  the  medical  professionals   high risk for guilt when  truths unfolds .There is one  Tamil proverb which says  A half  doctor  is the one who has  killed  at-least   1000 patients . Still ,  a  minuscule of doctors  are ready to accept their mistakes   .(Especially  to their patients and their relatives  , though they admit in private !)

Final message

  • Implementing transparent medical care , right to information , informed  consent  etc all  demand  honesty. To be precise  . . . extreme honesty ! Ego and honesty are rare companions .
  • How many times we blame it on the disease  and  hide behind the technicalities   for our mistakes and errors.
  • Can  any doctor accept  an  error that occurs  during a surgery or a procedure that  causes  death and  request a  pardon  from patient’s relatives .  I  suspect ,  if there is  such a breed among  doctors   . . . I am sure  he will be branded as  a lunatic by their colleagues !

Coming soon

  • Consequence of  doctors  not accepting errors  !
  • Errors in medical data base and literature.
  • Imperfect  science . Another important aspect of medical error is attributible  to the  vagaries of  science itself. What looks as a perfect modality suddenly becomes  , not only  obsolete but also dangerous . If  a surgeon does a  gastro jejenostomy for  acid peptic disease today ,  his  license  is at risk of  being clipped ,   the same  surgery was a  privilege few decades ago. This aspect  deserves  special debate .

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It is heartening to read a series of open page articles in the India’s  national news paper  recently  which  started a  lovely debate about how the medical profession and doctor’s behavior is being perceived in this country . It all began  with this article by Dr Araveethi with   serious criticism  of the ways  and means  ,  by which doctors  indulge in  forbidden unethical acts . (mainly involving  financial  benefits ) Click on the Image to read the article.(Hope it works)

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While most agreed with his observation  surprisingly one  response by Dr. Manoramma Gadde  tried to justify it !  promptly  evoked strong reactions for and against.

And this   response from  Dr .A.R Antony  to  Dr Manorama Gadde   CAME A WEEK LATER  seemed a  best one. Read for yourself

I  enjoyed  the  entire article by Dr Antony ,   especially when he observes  ethical doctors are a rare breed and even   be a laughing  stock among their colleagues. This is very much true  but as he rightly points out ,  the majority  of goodness should prevail over the minority of evil . ( Let us hope it is not vice versa ,   as  evidence  is mounting  against this assumption  )

What is the role of modern science in  making medical  profession into a  self less service to  service only for self ?

Read  on this article   : Truths when silent are not heard in consultation rooms

Is there acceptable level of unethical   acts  for doctors  ?

100 %   perfection  is never  possible  in any field .

Like permissible carbon levels in environment and permissible  contaminant in tinned  foods  one can suggest  doctors can  also be allowed a quantum of  immorality ! (This is akin to making corruption legal  still the  ultimate aim  is  to control it ) .Probably this is what Dr Manorama tried to convey in his article  !

What is the patients role in the perpetuation  of un-ethicalness  of doctors ?

A patient with  half-baked ( internet  fed ) medical knowledge  asking for various tests   is quiet common phenomenon .  This is termed as pressure prescription . Patient  interference in medical  decision-making and doctors yielding to it is also a rampant phenomenon. Empowering patients beyond a level is unreasonable or not a desired goal.

Why  doctors  continue to be noble   but many hospitals are not  !  How is this possible ?

We have willfully  accepted  medical care  to  become an industry  .When corporate hospitals are listed in stock exchange what do you expect of them  ?  I do not know  how  the current generation of  prepaid medical professionals manufactured   from various  medical  education  factories  in our country side  will behave  . It is them , who are  running these dubious   hospitals and nursing homes . In my observation a genuine and meritorious  medical student is  never  interested in starting a  hospital or nursing home .   He lacks both the business sense and also the  resources . Hence  he  or she  often becomes an employee  of  a hospital  or institution  run   by  capitation fee fed neo- medical  graduates  with  Dalal street mentality.

Counter point

There are thousands of doctors especially in  primary health centres  and emergency wards  working round the clock  in all those ill equipped  poorly staffed  Govt hospitals trying to save lives desperately  .  Similarly  many private practitioners sitting in the remote towns and villages  spending their precious  evening   caring for the sick.

So , the problem lies  mainly in  the  proliferation of  pseudo  – modern medical science  in an unregulated fashion  mushrooming into the urban and semi urban areas .

Solution ?

Never believe the private sector in the present form (*Total chaos)   will provide an inclusive health care  to our population. The recent WHO statistics say India is the only country where  permanent assets like houses ,  livestock are sold by people to get a  seemingly  modern and scientific  health  care .(Poor villagers are  asked to spend their entire monthly salary to  do a costly PCR test (Now proved useless)  to diagnose a AFB positive open tuberculosis  !)

The  current model of health care  in most developing countries   especially India  , which  our corporates are actively pursuing  is counter productive for both rich and poor.

A rich old  man is simply not allowed to die a natural death  without spending a chunk of his accumulated wealth ,  while a young , active   poor  men of our country  die for want of  those  same facilities which goes futile  those dying elite bodies !

*Let me drift  to a  different topic .  The private sector health care is totally disorganized , lies in  complete chaos though  enriched with infrastructure and other resources. What they lack is the terrible common sense. While the Govt sector has  a organised administrative and functional model   with huge expertise  which lies mostly dysfunctional due to various  reasons. Which is causing more danger to society ?   The answer is tough one  It would a  close race between  hyperfunctional private sector  or dysfunctional  Govt Sector .

I dream a day when these private sectors  take over the  Govt hospitals  and vice versa so that both can  complement the best between them.

Final message

Most doctors are really  noble  in their thinking. In  few  ,their action may occasionally touch  the lines of immorality .( The definition of immorality or unprofessional acts are  often reset according to our convenience  ) .

Even if a conscious doctor wants to do  genuine  work in the existing system , he is  rarely allowed to pursue it .  So ,  in   the current situation  most doctors are at risk  of  tasting the bad fruit  every day with or without  their knowledge.

The doctrine of   hospitals  lack  ethical code , while  it is expected  from  individual doctors   is the single important factor that is responsible for the present chaos in medical care delivery

 So in my final analysis  I agree with many of the arguments on  both sides  .Even though  ethical doctors are available they are in a very short supply  . We need much ,  much more  . . .   I am afraid  the future looks bleak !  . . .  with humble excuses to all optimists out there.

What is  your  take on this issue ?

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Human body is a bundle of mystery.   In an  average  life span of human beings,   millions of   afflictions come and go . Most are benign . Our body has a  full-fledged defense ministry    armed with sufficient weaponry in the form of , immune cells, thousands of regulating enzymes, hormones ,  cell service molecules  etc  .It can tackle most of  the ailments our body encounters  with out a doctors help (Jungle animals rarely die of disease!)  .

Of course , the body  needs  external help  when it’s  intrinsic resources fail . There are few   serious disorders that has to be intervened .However ,a big  fraction of them  will   die  in spite of whatever we do .

Is it not  fascinating to know more than  100s  of chemicals  act day in, and  day out ,  to  prevent our  blood  from clotting and keep it flowing .  If only the natural lytic mechanism fails  for an hour , and  create a  vascular  chaos   we will realise  importance of it !

Even as we debate appropriateness of medical care  in this  21st century   here is startling scenario ,

When a child  presents  with physiological hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue  , as their body begin to  learn and record the micro biological mysteries  of our environment  , it is  often “cross labeled ” as  tonsillitis  or appendicitis and  end up in surgical tables.

This article just released  in  European heart journal , tells us ,  how the rampant use of appendectomy and tonsillectomy in the early child hood  may make them susceptible for CAD in later age group.

The role of medical professionals is identify the trivia ! and prevent unnecessary interventions.

Unfortunately  or (Should I say dangerously)   many of  the   professionals  understood it  in a diagonally  opposite manner . Identify the trivia ,  instill fear in our patients  and intervene ,   in the process injure  our great biological system.This is also applicable to many cardiac  interventions.

Final message

Heavens sake ,  youngsters  , please  remember  , medical  profession is all about removing suffering from patients  . Do not fish out “non -existing” illness from your patients  body !   Let me remind you ,  professional approach means  , whatever you do it should be in the  interest of our patients . The moment  you deviate ,  you cease to be professional .

Also realise  ,  good   intentions can never be an excuse for  inappropriateness !

Reference

http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/05/27/eurheartj.ehr137.abstract

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We  are at the mercy  of  the three major coronary arteries (LAD,LCX,RCA) that sustain our life . Their  job is clear cut  .It has to perfuse   about 300 Grams of   live bundle of energy  for  an average of 6-7 decades.

What are the hurdles it  faces ,  how it overcomes these obstacles  forms the fascinating story of   “survival  of  human heart”

When coronary blood supply is confronted with a sudden compromise  as in ACS  ,  often the heart has little  time to respond . Hence the damage  and risk of death is  more. Even here there are lots of safety mechanisms and natural lytic process that limit the loss of life to less than 30 %  of all STEMIs. This implies nature protects against the death in 70 % of individuals and help  them  to reach hospital.*

*Among those  who reach hospital , we  the cardiologists  try to reduce the  mortality to about 6-7 % (20% without treatment ) with all  those hi-tech gadgets .It is a  different story and will be addressed elsewhere .

When it comes to  chronic insults ,  the heart has a unique potential to  stage  long haul battles. It has many tricks  under its  sleeves when challenged in a slow fashion.

The main weapons are two

1. Coronary collateral circulation.

2. Ischemic preconditioning.

Here is a patient who fights his life even after all his  three coronary arteries   totally blocked and surviving with one of the branches of left main -Ramus intermedius .

If you have thought his RCA was the savior  you are  mistaken  .

To every one’s   surprise  his  RCA was awful  as well !

He had angina which was  troublesome  but manageable .Was able to live a life with acceptable standards (Indian standard )  After the angiogram he  received  CABG.  A turbulent post operative course ensued  due to various reasons . He  struggled but   fully recovered  . . .  and  ultimately  reached the  previous  standard  of life !

Final message

Modern cardiology is all about not trusting  powers of nature .

But youngsters should realise the enormous potential of those invisible powers.It may sound philosophical , but please  remember  . . .after all . . .  philosophy  is nothing but  search for truths. Atleast believe in them  once in a while !

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It is often said optimism is key to success . From the patient’s and physician’s  perspective   it is the willpower that has saved many lives. Positive minded patients  do not die without fighting. We  know self belief can do wonders in medical  care  !

If  self  belief is  the ultimate healer ,   trusting the   doctor  and  the hospital  are  equally important  . Patients believe in  doctors and doctors believe in science . Science is not sacred .It is man-made   .Those men  who create  science  need not be  holy  either !

Can  we  trust modern medicine in the current form  ?

I am afraid the answer is  too tilted towards  . . . “No”   I am not a pessimist  in the strict sense  . However ,   the future   looks bleak  in most places  ! unless some strong remedial measures are under taken.

Statistics   suggest , patients  are  rapidly losing   the belief   in their physicians   ,  considering the track record of our  health care management in recent  times . Global trends in the last 5 decades indicate the health care delivery system has gradually  been  hijacked from the Govt to the private hands.

It is  quiet a shocking  revelation ,   the private  sector  health care  has done  more damage  than  the state   driven health care . How  foolish   our expectation  can  be !   For fulfilling the millennium  goal ( Health for all )  most  countries  have  handed  over the  baton  to the  greedy corporates .

How on earth , one can expect  the   private / corporate  sector  to provide  equitable health   for all  . It  would be wealth for all  those involved in  this flawed medical care  system  at the cost of  poor !

Read this book  . . .To understand the nuances of how our health care industry is bulldozing  , like an army tank into the population  and  most of us  is a victim or a partner to this .

Click here  for  the  Book review

From The Hindu January 2011

Final message

Entry of capitalism into health sector is probably the worst  infliction   man kind  has suffered , than all those deadly viruses and bacteria   over a last few centuries !

Medical science is a phenomenal  gift  created , nurtured and grown by the sixth sense of our ancestors .Their only aim was to provide relief to the sufferings.  Now their dreams,  vision and goals lie  shattered .

No hospital  has a  specialty called  “humane care”  , while  many  have  a separate  department   to  do a  neuro  metabolic imaging    for a  depressed  man with Alzheimer  disease   in his nineties   and  a  Bio – Robot  driven    fuzzy logic  lab   to  predict cardiac  events  in a soon to die rich man . Absolute waste of resources !

There is  no doubt , we have become a  sort of  salves to  science  . . . (Irrational science to be precise ! ) It is a man-made monster.  Even a most conservative person  (including the author )  could    be causing  some damage as we  are forced to follow  the unruly scientific publications .  Probably  . . .yes . . . we can’t eliminate  it   but   identify  futility of modern science try to get  rid of it . !

A related article

Those were the days   . . .  When doctors practiced medicine  . . .and much more  . . .

A  wonderful  piece of writing   by Dr Susikaran  Thangasamy from the open pages of  India’s national newspaper

‘The Hindu” http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/article1137935.ece

What is the remedy ?

First of all , every one should answer this question to their conscience

What ails  our health care  system  today ?

Do not be part of it . . .  solutions  will come automatically !

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Medical profession is the noblest of all !  . Doctors are akin to God in  many ways  ! They  have the potential  to remove the  sufferings of  mankind  . These are the often made  quotes about doctors   for  many centuries. Today’s medical professionals are ,  a  strained   lot  to fulfil their role expected of them .They have to maintain the social identity and earn enough to sustain their image in society. The onslaught of commercial and pseudo-scientific concepts have ruined the profession considerably.

Those were the days when the family physician  concept was flourishing , where in  a doctor was taking care of entire family. This  concept has  taken a different avatar now .

Now a doctor feels , once the patient is seen by him becomes his/her  patient rather a property! This perception has grown in a malignant manner , many doctors do not refer to a specialist even in deserving cases  fearing patient poaching .

This  possessiveness  of doctors about their patients leads to many  of the  unethical behavior .

My case . . .my patient . . .   my fees , . . .this sort of approach though appeared  good in the past ,  is rapidly becoming a liability for the patients  .Lack of organised health  care   by private and Government sector also amplifies the issue .It is pathetic to note         ,  at least Govt hospitals have some accountability ,  majority of private health systems  do not have  mortality or morbidity auditing . 

The my patient, my property  doctrine is playing havoc in medical health delivery system  .The following are the situations where a patient genuinely suffer due to this abnormal thinking pattern of many of the medical professionals today.

  • When general practitioners want to have control of their patients even after referring them to big tertiary care centres.
  • This is being encouraged  by the corporate desk of big hospitals as they probably send financial benefits to the referring doctors. Hence doctors are worried their property may get lost during  transit or inside the  big hospital. There are instances , I  have witnessed , where severe mitral stenosis are manged medically by some established physicians fearing that their property will be lost .
  • Patients with severe angina are not offered angiogram and remain on medical treatment fearing loss of monthly consultation fees.
  • When the care takers energy and thought process are consumed in many non academic activates one can expect how the illness can be taken care off.
  • When investigations are ordered the primary referring doctor feels he is being denied of  kick backs from costly investigations which is enjoyed bu the specialists .so these general practices what to finish of all required investigations in their desired lab and sent to the specialist.
  • This has led to  curious  situations  where a  ENT surgeon calls for  a  64  slice CT scan and obstetrician asking  for MRI brain (  because the patient is theirs  ! )  

The sequale is two fold . 

The specialist often gets annoyed  and  feel insulted  to read an investigation  ordered by a  different physician(  rather irrelevant  physician !) done  in a non friendly lab  without incentives.

  1. Either he looks at it reluctantly
  2.  Or orders  fresh investigations

 (Some physicians show   extreme  arrogance ,   as  they call for fresh investigation even if the patient is having    good quality ,    investigations  with  images done recently  !)

Finally , the most dangerous thing

A  patient once admitted  under a  doctor, the  prescriptions and procedures are  often  controlled by the admitting doctor .We  have seen a pathetic situation of plastic surgeon admitting a rheumatic heart disease and trying to manage  with the help of  telephoning consultations with a cardiologist .

There is a  chaotic  discipline  in ordering Investigations and treatment modalities  in our country .Any one can order any thing they want .In this scenerio,  abberrant patient  behavir leads to further  complications as patients  themself  decide what investigations they want.

What is the solution* ?

The concept of family physician is still a best option . It has to be continued. There need to be a proper referral services into well equipped, staffed ,  audited institution in every district and counties either controlled by Government or well-regulated. private bodies . The financial remuneration for the doctors should be constant and fixed irrespective of the form   treatment they provide.

In other words the entire health care delivery  should  be centralised and institutionalised .The need for specialist to be assessed properly and care should be rationed .

                                                           Consider this  anarchic situation –  An   asymptomatic, incidentally  detected  30 %  PDA  lesion in a rich bed ridden ,  old man   is  stented by a  3rd generation drug electing stent in a corporate hospital,  while   many  young  Indians with a productive life  with  critical  left main .proximal LAD   is allowed die in peace .

                                            Where are our medical economists and  health care planners hiding ?  ! And we are talking about billion dollar medical  tourism industry .

A general practitioner  should receive same amount as consultation as a neurosurgeon or cardiologist .If we  divide  the doctor into different grades according to the knowledge  and place of work ,  the lesser doctors  will find someway to equalize their earning with their superior colleagues.

After all , all doctors take the same oath . . .   A  doctor who treats a febrile convulsion in a remote village by administering  a timely diazepam  injection can not be considered unequal    to  a Cleveland neurosurgeon   who clips a AV malformation in the circle  of  Willis to terminate  recurrent convulsion in a similar child .

* One would  tend to  think , these solutions are highly theoretical  not implementable in today’s world.  But trying to bring order to a dysfunctional  medical  care delivery system is not a crime any way !

Final message

Most doctors continue to be noble and dedicated.  But the faith in them is rapidly eroding .This is becoming  a dangerous trend . They can not to be  blamed  in isolation.   It is the dynamics of  social and economic scenario  that  are  driving  the medical profession in a journey towards a  commercial extravaganza , where humane care is  as obsolete as a Mediterranean dinosaur !

Now young doctors are  readily manufactured  in the countryside   (Not my merit  , but  bought as commodities akin to real  estate) . A three bed room flat and a MBBS  seat roughly  costs equal in India !

There is  no wonder then  , doctors will treat their degrees  and patients  as  precious   property . Nothing wrong to consider  them as their property ,  but let them handle the property with at most concern , faith and trust !

Disclaimer *This  article does not intend to  defame any doctor or medical profession . It aims to  encourage a wider debate on the issue  . This is  about  many physicians which we come across everyday   in  our  towns and cities  .This article may be irrelevant in  many  other  countries and  to those physicians working in a completely institutionalised  health care delivery system  including  Govt .hospitals where the collective care (or is it collective no care ?)  is the norm .

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We owe a lot  , to  our ancestors for making our  journey   smooth  and purposeful   in  our  pursuit ,   of   healing the   mankind  . It is because of their  meticulous  clinical acumen , passion  , dedication ,sacrifice we are enjoying  the fruits  of success .

Though there are thousands of them , one life that always fascinates  me is that of Harvey Cushing. His fame went  to dizzy heights  after his publication of  biography of William Osler .

A book every medical  professional must read and cherish especially the elite cardiologists !

I wonder  ,what  Harvey Cushing  ,  if alive would make  a difference  in the current  world of medical  science contaminated with commerce ,  hyped up technology ,  and  the near extinct bed side clinical skills.

Links to life of Harvey Cushing http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/cushing/peter.html

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It is  often  quoted  “Practice makes  every one  perfect”  . . .  Doctors continue to practice for ever  . . .If practice is only  a rehearsal  , when do they perform  for real ?

And , we know  a doctor spends his entire life time practicing  . . . In other words  doctors are only experimenting .

So , do not get fooled by his errors . Errors are bound to  happen  during their  practicing sessions !

The problem  with general public  is , they never understand this basic fact – medical  science  is nothing but  a , on going research on human body .If only  we understand this  we can accept  the millions of medical  mistakes*  that occur  every day in  the global  medical  profession . The major  aim of modern medical science  is to reduce that .

* Of course, negligence is a punishable offense . But,  we should also realise , non- negligent medical  mistakes are many fold higher than negligent ones .

While  a careful doctor will avoid negligent mistakes a thinking doctor will avoid   non -negligent mistakes also.

This puts onus back on doctors. We need to critically analyse , every

treatment modality we follow .

If you are a strong believer of   “Medicine is indeed  a  science and doctors are scientists ” , please read this article from British medical  journal and conclude  yourself.

http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/328/7454/0-h

Further reading

The bestseller  How doctors think

Picture courtesy : Jupeter stock Images

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Medicine is an art , evolving art to be precise .We need to use our sixth , if not , the  seventh sense !  constantly to  improve the quality of life our clients  -The human beings.

If only we learn to think right  . . . Always right . . . we can bring the heaven of health to the earth

This book  fascinates .

Click for a  preview in Google.com

Books.google.co.in

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